Vladimir Masch first presented his idea similar to our scaled tariff idea back in 2004. He gave it a more marketable name though -- Compensated Free Trade of CFT for short. We seem to have been working in parallel for much of the last decade and a half without knowing of each other's work. In 2010 Masch published a piece in Huffington Post which is available at https://www.huffingtonpost.com/vladimir-a-masch/compensated-free-trade_b_648955.html and is worth a read.
As far as I know, CFT is fully in line with the real-world economic theory, and nobody has so far tried to disprove that. CFT extends to the global economy the Keynesian thesis of controlling and directing microeconomic activities at a higher level by a non-market entity (see my blog “In the Century of Black Swans”). It also automatically allocates the burden of economic adjustment between the surplus countries and the USA, which has been an important goal of Keynes. It imposes pigovian taxes on the balance-of-trade externalities (again, see “The Myth of Comparative Advantage” blog).
Surprisingly, it seems to be quite original in the multi-millennia history of international trade: an eminent trade economist Peter Morici stated that he did not “recall a similar proposal.” (True, he also warned me “It will never fly politically.” Sad, of course; but they say, “Never say ‘never’.” On the other hand, it is a nice compliment for a man who has been politically incorrect all his conscious life, under two radically different social orders, and is writing a book about politically incorrect economics.)
In 2017 Masch got an article presenting his CFT idea published in World Journal of Social Sciences. The essay is accessible on his web page at http://rcosoftware.com/media//DIR_9801/6eadd0963f4c4182ffff8259ffffe905.pdf. The the abstract:
This paper addresses two problems. The first is the need to restore to a balanced condition the presently dysfunctional global economic system. The second is to end or sharply reduce the self-imposed and unfair enormous trade deficits and employment losses of the USA. The current form of globalization has little in common with the idealized theoretical image of free trade. For instance, it makes the industrialized countries, which abide by the standards of international labor organizations, to compete with countries that do not. This situation is especially acute in the USA, which outsourced millions of jobs. In its present form, globalization is dangerously incompatible with the politico-economic system of the USA and other liberal democracies. Political events of 2016 confirmed that. The study has been performed from 2004 to the present. For self-preservation of a deficit country, this policy uses the methodology of government imposed macroeconomic constraints on the overall trade balance of a country, this balance being split into trade balances with individual trade partners of that country. The study resulted in the proposal of CFT. CFT carries out an old idea that trade surplus countries should be somehow taxed to provide help to the deficit countries. But it is a unique, fundamentally novel policy of organizing international trade, a compromise between free trade and protectionism. It is the only trading system that prevents trade wars and other retributions. Also, it can be imposed unilaterally, thus avoiding utopian dreams about benevolent international cooperation, as well as the need to re-negotiate any trade agreements. That distinguishes CFT from every other system of “managed trade.” In this author’s opinion, if CFT is implemented by the USA, it would become a versatile geopolitical and economic tool of great power. It would improve the financial and employment conditions of the country. It also would restore to order the global economic system.
A good idea who's time has come will be invented simultaneously or sequentially by many authors. So far we know of three groups who independently developed it: the Richmans, Masch, and Frank Kirkland. Warreb Buffet also came up with a related approach. This is an idea who's time has come.